| A cosmic body | is a separate large spatial-territorial unit, which also does not fall under the jurisdiction of any State on Earth (except for the territories of the States on Earth, considering Earth is classified as a cosmic body) |
| Conventionalis stipulatio | is the unilateral obligations of States set out as joint public promises, which can be considered Resolutions and Declarations of the General Assembly of the United Nations or other similar official documents |
| A cosmic artificial object | is an artificial object in the Cosmos (in outer space or on a cosmic body) |
| Cosmic Law | is a set of legal systems regulating cosmic activities, implying different legal ideologies and various subject compositions, and also an environment of application that extends to the Cosmos (outer space and cosmic bodies) beyond Earth |
| Cosmic Law of Principles (or Animal rationale Ius) | is a legal system that may consist of one or many systems of permanent principles of cosmic activity formed by individuals within the voluntary society or community they have created and describing fair forms of relationships and behavior of individuals (Animal rationale) in Cosmos |
| Cosmic Public Law | is a legal system of permanent obligations assumed by public subjects of cosmic activities (various forms of political-territorial organization of society such as states and similar organizations as well as their unions and associations) regulating the activities of such subjects and the relationships between or among them in Cosmos |
| Cosmic Private Law | is a legal system of permanent norms (rules of behavior) that are formed, controlled, and enforced by non-public subjects of cosmic activities (organizations and/or individuals unable or unwilling to voluntarily comply with equitable principles) within the society or communities they created, and which regulate the behavior and relationships of such subjects in Cosmos |
| Cosmic legal capacity | is the formal legal capacity and dispositive legal capacity of the person who participates or has expressed a desire to participate in specific legal relations related to cosmic activities with subsequent adherence to the provisions of the relevant legal systems of Cosmic Law |
| Cosmos | is a outer space beyond Earth, which includes cosmic bodies and other cosmic objects as well as the space environment between them. Cosmos begins in outer space at an altitude of more than 36,000 kilometers (or 22,370 miles) above sea level of Earth and beyond the Moon. |
| Domestic room of states | is spatial-territorial unit within which spatial-territorial jurisdiction of state applies |
| The layer of spatial security of a state | consists of three layers: The layer of life safety of a state, the Layer of economic security of a state, and the Layer of economic security of a state. The upper limit of the Layer of spatial security of a State is the upper limit of the Layer of atmospheric (natural) security of a State |
| The layer of life safety of a state | is the spatial layer above the surface of the Earth within which a person is able to exist. The upper limit of the Layer of life safety of a State would end at an altitude of about 9,000 meters (9 kilometers or 5.6 miles) above sea level |
| The layer of life safety of a state | is the spatial layer above the surface of the Earth within which the state is capable or will be able in the next 30 years to carry out its economic activities: cargo and passenger air transportation, etc.. The upper limit of the Layer of economic security of a State would be at an altitude of 60 kilometers (about 37.3 miles) above sea level |
| The layer of economic security of a state | is the spatial layer above the surface of the Earth within which the state is capable or will be able in the next 30 years to carry out its economic activities: cargo and passenger air transportation, etc.. The upper limit of the Layer of economic security of a State would be at an altitude of 60 kilometers (about 37.3 miles) above sea level |
| The layer of atmospheric (natural) security of a state | is the spatial layer above the Earth`s surface that provides and preserves the normal natural human habitat on land and in water. The upper limit of the Layer of atmospheric (natural) security of a state would be at an altitude of about 1,000 kilometers (about 621 miles) above sea level |
| The layer of spatial security of humanity | is a spatial layer above the surface of the Earth the use and preservation of which serves the safety of all mankind and the right to use it should belong to all mankind. The layer of spatial security of humanity would include the layer of atmosphere around the Earth at an altitude of 1,000 kilometers (about 621 miles) to 36,000 kilometers (or 22,370 miles) above sea level and the Moon (the upper limit of the Layer of spatial security of humanity). At the same time, no state jurisdictions can exist in this layer and its use shall be carried out following plans and permissions received from non-state and non-political representatives of all humanity. Over time, to properly regulate activities in this layer, non-government, non-political, and independent bodies and organizations (public, scientific, and similar organizations) shall be established to make effective decisions regarding the use of this layer for peaceful purposes and the benefit of all humanity |
| Objects of cosmic activity | are all objects and goals of cosmic activity claimed by subjects of cosmic activity. The objects of cosmic activity can be conditionally divided into several types: natural cosmic objects, pre-cosmic artificial objects, cosmic artificial objects, technical phenomena, and natural phenomena
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| Object of Cosmic Law | is the legal relations (or cosmic legal relations) between or among the subjects of Cosmic Law (including their behavior within the framework of these legal relations) in Cosmos (in outer space and on cosmic bodies), which are subject matter to regulation by the corresponding legal system of Cosmic Law within a particular society or community |
| Objects of legal relations in the Cosmic Law of Principles | are only the principles of relationships as well as tangible and intangible benefits obtained as a result of cosmic activities that do not contradict the mentioned principles |
| Objects of legal relations in Cosmic Private Law | are the rights, obligations, and responsibilities of legal subjects as well as tangible and intangible benefits obtained as a result of such legal relations and cosmic activities |
| Objects of legal relations in Cosmic Public Law | are only rights and obligations of states established as a result of such legal relations as well as tangible and intangible benefits (except for outer space and cosmic bodies) obtained as a result of cosmic activities without the destruction of Cosmos (outer space and cosmic bodies) |
| Outer space | is a separate all-encompassing spatial-territorial unit that does not fall under the jurisdiction of any state on Earth |
| A pre-cosmic artificial object | is a spacecraft before leaving the Earth`s airspace |
| Principle of domestic room | is the legal state of a spatial-territorial unit in relation to one or more subjects of Cosmic Law, which presupposes the possibility and right of such subjects to establish certain rules within this spatial-territorial unit |
| Principle of alien room | is the legal state of a spatial-territorial unit in relation to one or more subjects of Cosmic Law, which presupposes the absence of the possibility and right for such subjects to establish any rules within this spatial-territorial unit. The boundary between the “domestic room” and “alien room” in the Universe for people is the upper limit of the Layer of spatial security of humanity at an altitude of 36,000 kilometers (or 22,370 miles) above sea level |
| Res Communis | according to the theory “Res Communis”, Cosmos (outer space and cosmic bodies) are considered a common territory. Therefore, all states, their citizens, and legal entities are free to explore, use, and develop the “commons” area. |
| Res Nullius | under the theory “Res Nullius”, Cosmos (outer space and cosmic bodies)are the territory that belongs to no one. However, this theory does not prohibit states or other actors from taking possession or control of the territory of “Res Nullius” for their exclusively sovereign purposes by right of first discovery or use. In this regard, this theory, which has imperialist and colonial motives, is attractive to states that claim world hegemony |
| Res Communis Humanitatus | according to the theory “Res Communis Humanitatus”, Cosmos (outer space and cosmic bodies) are the common territory of all humanity. Therefore, all States, their citizens, and international entities are free to explore, use, and develop the common territory but only in the interests of humanity and on the condition that they share the resulting benefits with other participants (that is, there is a joint use aspect) |
| A spacecraft | is an artificial object the purpose of which is to fly into the Cosmos (outer space and cosmic bodies) and/or back, and which includes all the equipment and all its components that are planned to be launched |
| Spatial-territorial jurisdiction of a state | is generally recognized exclusive jurisdiction of a state, which extends to a certain territory and/or area. The upper limit of the Layer of spatial security of a state (about 1,000 kilometers above sea level) can be defined as the limit of the spatial-territorial jurisdiction of each state, below which a state would have exclusive jurisdiction |
| Spatial-territorial unit | is space and/or territory that is a part of the common Universe and has precise or conditional boundaries |
| Subjects of cosmic activities | are all types of individuals, non-state societies, and communities as well as all types of public actors (various forms of political-territorial organization of society such as states and similar organizations as well as their unions and associations) who carry out activities on Earth and/or beyond it related to the exploration and/or use of Cosmos (outer space and cosmic bodies) |
| The subject of Cosmic Law | is an actual participant (who participates or is willing to participate) in specific legal relations related to cosmic activities and is capable of exercising subjective rights and legal obligations in such legal relations |
| Subjects of the Cosmic Law of Principles | are only Animal rationale individuals who openly declare recognition and explicitly comply with the relevant provisions of the Cosmic Law of Principles |
| Subjects of Cosmic Private Law | are all types of individuals, non-state societies, and communities that take part or want to participate in certain legal relationships related to cosmic activities by adherence to the relevant provisions of Cosmic Private Law |
| Subjects of Cosmic Public Law | are all types of public actors (various forms of political-territorial organization of society, including States and similar organizations as well as their unions and associations) who take part in legal relations related to cosmic activities by officially acceding to any provisions of Cosmic Public Law |
