N
SYMBOL
THE CONCEPT UNDER DISCUSSION
ADAPTIVE TERMINOLOGY (A)
INTERNATIONAL TERMINOLOGY (I)
NATIONAL TERMINOLOGY (N)

or

Cosmos

Cosmos ↓

Interpretation: The Cosmos includes the entire existing world.
Source: CLP
1Space natural object

Res naturalis cosmicum ↓

Interpretation: Res naturalis cosmicum is defined as an object of natural origin.
Source: CLP
2
Universe

Universum ↓

Interpretation: Universum is defined as the part of the Cosmos that humanity can imagine and explore.
Source: CLP

Outer Space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: 1967 OST, 1972 LIAB, 1975 REG
3
Celestial body

Stella ↓

Interpretation: Stella is a separate large spatial-territorial unit (Res naturalis cosmicum) located in the Cosmos, which does not fall under the jurisdiction of any State (except for the sovereign territories of the States), and characterized by mass, a surface, and specific dimensions that remain mostly unchanged over extended periods as a result of physical, chemical, or other natural processes.
Source: CLP

Celestial body ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: The Declaration of Legal Principles, 1967 OST, 1972 LIAB, 1975 REG, 1979 MOON
4
Star

Astrum ↓

Interpretation: Astrum is regarded as Res naturalis cosmicum located in the Cosmos, characterized by mass, an unstable surface with a temperature of several thousand degrees Celsius, and specific dimensions that remain mostly unchanged over extended periods as a result of physical, chemical, or other natural processes.
Source: CLP
5
Planet

Planet ↓

Interpretation: the Planet is Stella (Res naturalis cosmicum) located in the Cosmos, characterized by mass, a stable high-density surface, and specific dimensions that remain mostly unchanged over extended periods as a result of physical, chemical, or other natural processes.
Source: CLP
6
Earth

Terra ↓

Interpretation: The Terra is a Planet that is the permanent place of residence of the main group of humanity.
Source: CLP
7
Sun

Sol ↓

Interpretation: Sol is Astrum around which Terra revolves.
Source: CLP
8
Solar system

Solar system ↓

Interpretation: The Solar System is part of the Cosmos forming a spatial sphere centered on the center of Sol, where its outer boundaries at the equatorial level coinciding with the outer boundaries of the Kuiper belt, and Terra and other objects (Res naturalis cosmicum) located within these limits orbit around Sol in heliocentric orbits, gravitationally bound to Sol.
Source: CLP
9
Outer Space

Spatium ↓

Interpretation: The Spatium is defined as the area (Res naturalis cosmicum) extending from the Terra surface to the surfaces of other Stellas, including their respective Caelum.
Source: CLP

Outer Space ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: The Declaration of Legal Principles, 1967 OST, 1968 ARRA, 1972 LIAB, 1975 REG, 1979 MOON



Space environment (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): (5) The term “space environment” means the environment beyond the sensible atmosphere of the Earth.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE IV ‘Aeronautics and Space research and education’, CHAPTER 403 ‘National space grant college and fellowship program’, § 40302 ‘Definitions’)

Outer Space ↓

Interpretation: The definition and delimitation of outer space have not been established in international law.
Source:THE McGILL MANUAL (Rule 108)

Cosmic space / Przestrzeń kosmiczna (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): cosmic space — space located at an altitude of more than 100 km above mean sea level.
Interpretation (national): przestrzeń kosmiczna ‒ przestrzeń znajdującą się powyżej 100 km nad średnim poziomem morza.
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-10) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-10)
10
Atmosphere

Caelum ↓

Interpretation: Caelum is a part of Spatium that naturally formed around Stella due to its gravity and is interconnected with its physical and chemical processes.
Source: CLP
11
Air space of Earth

Terrae Aer ↓

Interpretation: Aer is a part of Spatium located around Terra that affects the life processes of humanity.
Source: CLP

National defense airspace (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): National defense airspace means airspace established by a regulation prescribed, or an order issued under, 49 U.S.C. 40103(b)(3).
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘Definitions and general requirements’, PART 1 ‘Definitions and abbreviations’, § 1.1 ‘General definitions’)
12
Natural satellite of the planet

Satellite naturalis ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: CLP

Satellite (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Satellite: A body which revolves around another body of preponderant mass and which has a motion primarily and permanently determined by the force of attraction of that other body.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations
13
Moon

Luna ↓

Interpretation: Luna is Terra`s Satellite naturalis.
Source: CLP

Moon (USA)↓
Interpretation: none.
Source: The Declaration of Legal Principles, 1967 OST, 1968 ARRA, 1972 LIAB, 1975 REG, 1979 MOON
14
Asteroid and other small bodies

Parvus ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: CLP

Near-Earth object (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): the term ‘‘near-Earth object’’ means an asteroid or comet with a perihelion distance of less than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the Sun.
State: USA
Source (English): The national aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2005 – PUBLIC LAW 109–155—DEC. 30, 2005 (U.S. CODE. TITLE 42. CHAPTER 150 ‘National aeronautics and space programs, 2005’, SUBCHAPTER III ‘Science’, Part C ‘George E. Brown, Jr. Near-earth object survey’, § 16691 (SEC. 321) c ‘Definitions’)

Near-earth asteroid (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): (3) The term “near-Earth asteroid” means an asteroid with a perihelion distance of less than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the Sun.
State: USA
Source (English ): – Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE III ‘Administrative provisions’, CHAPTER 309 ‘Awards’, § 30902 ‘Charles “PETE” Conrad astronomy awards’ (B-‘Definitions’));
– The national aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2005 – PUBLIC LAW 109–155—DEC. 30, 2005 (U.S. CODE. TITLE 42. CHAPTER 150 ‘National aeronautics and space programs, 2005’, SUBCHAPTER VI ‘Other program areas’, Part B ‘Education’, § 16792 (SEC. 613) b ‘Definitions’)
15
Natural resources of Outer Space

Opes naturales↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: CLP

Space resource (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): (9) The term “space resource” means any tangible or intangible benefit which can be realized only from—(A) aeronautical and space activities; or (B) advancements in any field related to space.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE IV ‘Aeronautics and Space research and education’, CHAPTER 403 ‘National space grant college and fellowship program’, § 40302 ‘Definitions’)

Space resource (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): (2) Space resource. — (A) In general. — The term “space resource” means an abiotic resource in situ in outer space. (B) Inclusions. — The term “space resource” includes water and minerals.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 513 ‘Space resource commercial exploration and utilization’, §  51301)

Asteroid resource (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): (1) Asteroid resource. — The term “asteroid resource” means a space resource found on or within a single asteroid.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 513 ‘Space resource commercial exploration and utilization’, §  51301)
16
17
1Natural phenomena

Phaenomenon naturalis ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: CLP
2Basic physical forces affecting climate and the possibility of large-scale weather modification

Passio naturalis ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: CLP

Basic physical forces affecting climate and the possibility of large-scale weather modification ↓
Interpretation: none.
Source: General Assembly Resolution №1721 (XVI) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»
3Weather

Weather ↓
Interpretation: none.
Source: General Assembly Resolution №1721 (XVI) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»
4Radiation

Radiation (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Radiation: The outward flow of energy from any source in the form of radio waves.
State: USA
Source (English ):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations
5Radio Waves

Radio Waves (or Hertzian Waves) (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Radio Waves or Hertzian Waves: Electromagnetic waves of frequencies arbitrarily lower than 3,000 GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations
6
1Orbit

Orbita ↓

Interpretation: Orbita is the path, relative to a specified frame of reference, described by the centre of mass of an object in the Cosmos subjected primarily to natural forces, mainly the force of gravity.
Source: CLP

Orbit (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Orbit: The path, relative to a specified frame of reference, described by the Centre of mass of a satellite or other object in space subjected primarily to natural forces, mainly the force of gravity.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations.
2Earth orbit

Terra Orbita ↓

Interpretation: Terra Orbita is the path, relative to the center of Terra, described by the centre of mass of an object in the Cosmos subjected primarily to natural forces, mainly the force of gravity.
Source: CLP

Earth orbit ↓
Interpretation: none.
Source:art. IV of the 1975 REG, 1972 LIAB

Earth orbit / Orbita okołoziemska (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): Earth orbit — a trajectory in cosmic space along which a cosmic object moves, for which the basic parameters with respect to the Earth can be determined, including apogee, perigee, inclination, and orbital period
Interpretation (national): orbita okołoziemska – trajektorię w przestrzeni kosmicznej, po której porusza się obiekt kosmiczny, dla której można wyznaczyć podstawowe parametry względem Ziemi, w tym apogeum, perygeum, kąt nachylenia i okres obiegu.
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-6) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-6)
3Earth’s surface

Terra area ↓

Interpretation: Terra area is the sea level, as measured by the Marseille footstock.
Source: CLP
4
Height above surface of the space natural object

Altitudo ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: CLP
5
Height above the Earth’s surface

Terra Orbita proxima ultima ↓

Interpretation: Terra Orbita proxima ultima is orbital parameters of an object: the closest point of the orbit to Terra area (proxima) and the most distant point of the orbit to Terra area (ultima).
Source: CLP
6Basic parameters of Earth’s orbit

Terra Orbita notatio ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: CLP


Basic orbital parameters ↓
Interpretation: none.
Source:1975 REG

Inclination of an Orbit (of an earth satellite) (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Inclination of an Orbit (of an earth satellite): The angle determined by the plane containing the orbit and the plane of the Earth’s equator measured in degrees between 0° and 180° and in counter-clockwise direction from the Earth’s equatorial plane at the ascending node of the orbit.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations

Period (of a satellite) (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Period (of a satellite): The time elapsing between two consecutive passages of a satellite through a characteristic point on its orbit.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations

Orbital insertion (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Orbital insertion means the point at which a vehicle achieves a minimum 70-nautical mile (129,64 km) perigee based on a computation that accounts for drag.
State: USA
Source (English):
The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)
7
8
1The environment for Animal rationale life and activity

Domestic Room of Animal rationale ↓

Interpretation: The Domestic Room of Animal rationale is part of the Cosmos within which the Animal rationale group permanently resides and conducts or plans to conduct its activities.
Source: CLP
2The security region for Animal rationale life and activity

Security Domain of Animal rationale ↓

Interpretation: The Security Domain of Animal rationale is part of the Cosmos where the factors of gravitational and other natural interactions between objects operate, and where changes in these factors could adversely affect stable and safe existence of the Domestic Room of Animal rationale.
Source: CLP
3The environment for human life and activity

Domestic Room of Mankind ↓

Interpretation: The Domestic Room of Mankind is part of the Cosmos that includes all Res naturalis cosmicum of the Solar System and the space between them.
Source: CLP
4The security region for human life and activity

Security Domain of Mankind ↓

Interpretation: The Security Domain of Mankind is part of the Cosmos whose boundaries coincide with those of the Domestic Room of Mankind and within which the international principle of “Res Communis Humanitatus” applies.
Source: CLP
5Outer Space beyond the environment for human life and activity

Alien Room for Mankind ↓

Interpretation: the Alien Room for Mankind is part of the Cosmos beyond the Domestic Room of Mankind.
Source: CLP
6The region of outer space beyond the Moon orbit

Deep Space (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Deep Space: Space at distance from the Earth equal to, or greater than, 2 × 10 6 kilometers.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations

Deep space (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “deep space” means the region of space beyond cis-lunar space.
State: USA
Source (English): The national aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2010 – PUBLIC LAW 111–267—OCT. 11, 2010 (U.S. CODE, TITLE 42, ‘The public health and welfare’, CHAPTER 159 ‘Space exploration, technology, and science’, SEC. 3 ‘Definitions’, § 18302 (4))


Deep space (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): (5) The term ‘‘deep space’’ means the region of space beyond low-Earth orbit, to include cis-lunar space.
State: USA
Source (English): National aeronautics and space administration transition authorization act of 2017 (PUBLIC LAW 115–10—MAR. 21, 2017), SEC. 2 ‘Definitions’, § 10101
7Natural near-Earth space

Terra Vita elementis or “Life Elements layer” ↓

Interpretation: Terra Vita elementis is part of Spatium extending from Terra area to an altitude of 9 kilometers (5.6 miles), within which the four elements of nature (earth, water, fire, and air) can exist in a relatively stable state that is conductive to human life.
Source: CLP
8Near-Earth space, including the ozone layer

Terra Tectum vitae or “Roof of life” ↓

Interpretation: Terra Tectum vitae is part of Spatium, extending above Terra area from an altitude of 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) to 50 kilometers (31 miles), within which the atmosphere and ozone layer provide significant protection for humanity against harmful solar radiation.
Source: CLP


Upper atmosphere (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): the term “upper atmosphere” means that portion of the Earth’s sensible atmosphere above the troposphere.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE II ‘General program and policy provisions’, CHAPTER 201 ‘National aeronautics and space program’ (The National Aeronautics and Space Act), SUBCHAPTER IV ‘Upper atmosphere research’ §  20162)
9
Earth’s atmosphere layer

Terrae Caelum layer ↓

Interpretation: Terrae Caelum layer is part of Spatium that naturally formed around Terra due to its gravity, is interconnected with its physical and chemical processes, and extennds above Terra area to an altitude of 50 miles or 80 kilometers and 467 meters above sea level, as measured by Terra area .
Source: CLP


Standard Atmosphere (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Standard atmosphere means the atmosphere defined in U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 (Geopotential altitude tables) (Sea level to 90 kilometers—U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962: PART I ‘Basis of the Tables’, 1.4 ‘Tables of units, conversion factors, and defining properties’, table 14(e) ‘Defining properties of the standard atmosphere’; and PART II ‘Additional Information Relating to the Atmosphere’, 11.2 ‘Systematic variations and observed and inferred extremes’).
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘Definitions and general requirements’, PART 1 ‘Definitions and abbreviations’, § 1.1 ‘General definitions’)
10Limits of the action of the aerodynamic lift force

Terra aerodynamic layer↓

Interpretation: Terra aerodynamic layer is part of Spatium, extending from 0 to 80 kilometers in altitude, within which “aerodynamic lift force” is generated, enabling human flights by means of wings and thereby supporting human life on Terra and the economic security of the state.
Source: CLP
11The region of outer space from the Earth out to geostationary orbit

Terra Orbita layer↓

Interpretation: Terra Orbita layer is part of Spatium, which was formed as a result of such natural characteristics of Terra as its gravity and rotation about its axis, and extends from the upper boundary of Terra aerodynamic layer to the altitude of the so-called Terra’s “geostationary orbit”.
Source: CLP


Near-Earth space (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “near-Earth space” means the region of space that includes low-Earth orbit and extends out to and includes geo-synchronous orbit.
State: USA
Source (English): The national aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2010 – PUBLIC LAW 111–267—OCT. 11, 2010 (U.S. CODE, TITLE 42, ‘The public health and welfare’, CHAPTER 159 ‘Space exploration, technology, and science’, SEC. 3 ‘Definitions’, § 18302 (7))

Geostationary Satellite Orbit (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Geostationary Satellite Orbit: The orbit in which a satellite must be placed to be a geostationary satellite.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations
12Earth’s maximum transport orbit

Terra Orbita transportation Layer↓

Interpretation: “Terra Orbita transportation layer” is part of Spatium, the existence of which is envisaged in connection with the future introduction of permanent orbital transportation within Terra – its vertical extent shall be measured from the upper boundary of “Terra aerodynamic layer” to the maximum altitude declared for such transportation in the future.
Source: CLP
13The Earth’s atmospheric safety region

Terra Sanitary layer↓

Interpretation: Terra sanitary layer is part of Spatium, the existence of which is justified by the risk of a potentially hazardous “object X” entering Terrae Caelum from the Cosmos, which could cause the extinction of humanity; at this stage, we propose defining the boundaries of Terra sanitary layer as coinciding with those of Terra Orbita layer.
Source: CLP


Near-Earth object (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): the term ‘‘near-Earth object’’ means an asteroid or comet with a perihelion distance of less than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the Sun.
State: USA
Source (English): The national aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2005 – PUBLIC LAW 109–155—DEC. 30, 2005 (U.S. CODE. TITLE 42. CHAPTER 150 ‘National aeronautics and space programs, 2005’, SUBCHAPTER III ‘Science’, Part C ‘George E. Brown, Jr. Near-earth object survey’, § 16691 (SEC. 321) c ‘Definitions’)

Near-earth asteroid (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): (3) The term “near-Earth asteroid” means an asteroid with a perihelion distance of less than 1.3 Astronomical Units from the Sun.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE III ‘Administrative provisions’, CHAPTER 309 ‘Awards’, § 30902 ‘Charles “PETE” Conrad astronomy awards’ (B-‘Definitions’));
– The national aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2005 – PUBLIC LAW 109–155—DEC. 30, 2005 (U.S. CODE. TITLE 42. CHAPTER 150 ‘National aeronautics and space programs, 2005’, SUBCHAPTER VI ‘Other program areas’, Part B ‘Education’, § 16792 (SEC. 613) b ‘Definitions’)
14The region of outer space from the Earth`s geostationary orbit out to and including the region around the surface of the Moon orbit

Terra-Luna layer↓

Interpretation: Terra-Luna layer is part of the Cosmos, the existence of which is determined by the influence of Luna on the oscillatory and intermittent rotation of Terra about its axis, as well as on human life and activity, and extends from the upper boundary of Terra Orbita layer to the maximum distance of Luna’s orbit, including Luna itself
Source: CLP


Cis-lunar space (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): (The term ‘‘cis-lunar space’’ means the region of space from the Earth out to and including the region around the surface of the Moon.
State: USA
Source (English):
– National aeronautics and space administration transition authorization act of 2017 (PUBLIC LAW 115–10—MAR. 21, 2017), SEC. 2 ‘Definitions’, § 10101 (4);
– The national aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2010 – PUBLIC LAW 111–267—OCT. 11, 2010 (U.S. CODE, TITLE 42, ‘The public health and welfare’, CHAPTER 159 ‘Space exploration, technology, and science’, SEC. 3 ‘Definitions’, § 18302 (3))

15Near-Earth space under state jurisdiction

Sovereign spatial-territorial domain of Stater↓

Interpretation: the Sovereign spatial-territorial domain of State is part of the Cosmos within which the respective state exercises exclusive spatial-territorial jurisdiction, as it constitutes a critically important foundation for the life and activities of the population and for the security and continued existence the of the state, and which includes the solid surface on which the territory of the respective state is situated, the subsurface space beneath that surface (to a safe depth), and Spatium above that surface, extending to an altitude of approximately 80 kilometers (about 50 miles) above Terra area.
Source: CLP
16
1Space artificial object

Cosmic artificial object ↓

Interpretation: a Cosmic artificial object is an artificial object which primary purpose is to be used in Spatium region beyond the limits the aerodynamic lift force.
Source: CLP


Space object↓
Interpretation:The term “space object” includes component parts of a space object as well as its launch vehicle and parts thereof.
Source:art. 1 of the 1972 LIAB, art. I of the 1975 REG


Spacecraft (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Spacecraft: A man-made vehicle which is intended to go beyond the major portion of the Earth’s atmosphere.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations

Space object↓

Interpretation: As stated in the Liability Convention and the Registration Convention, a space object includes component parts of a space object as well as its launch vehicle and parts thereof.
Source:THE McGILL MANUAL (Rule 104)


Objects launched into Outer Space↓
Interpretation: none
Source:1968 ARRA, 1975 REG, 1967 OST, 1972 LIAB, the Declaration of Legal Principles.


Aeronautical and space vehicles (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “aeronautical and space vehicles” means aircraft, missiles, satellites, and other space vehicles, manned and unmanned, together with related equipment, devices, components, and parts.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE II ‘General program and policy provisions’, CHAPTER 201 ‘National aeronautics and space program’ (The National Aeronautics and Space Act), SUBCHAPTER I ‘Short title, declaration of policy, and definitions’, § 20103 ‘Definition’);
– The national aeronautics and space act of 1958 (PUBLIC LAW 85-568—JULY 28, 1958), TITLE I ‘Short title, declaration of policy, and definitions’, SEC. 103 ‘Definitions’

Objects that are sent through Outer Space↓
Interpretation: none
Source:General Assembly Resolution №1148 (XII) «Regulation, limitation and balanced reduction of all armed forces and all armaments; conclusion of an international convention (treaty) on the reduction of armaments and the prohibition of atomic, hydrogen and other weapons of mass destruction».


Experimental aerospace vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Experimental aerospace vehicle. — The term “experimental aerospace vehicle” means an object intended to be flown in, or launched into, orbital or suborbital flight for the purpose of demonstrating technologies necessary for a reusable launch vehicle, developed under an agreement between the Administration and a developer.
State: USA
Source (English):Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE II ‘General program and policy provisions’, CHAPTER 201 ‘National aeronautics and space program’ (The National Aeronautics and Space Act), SUBCHAPTER III ‘General administrative provisions’ §  20139 ‘Insurance for experimental aerospace vehicles’’ (a) (3))

Cosmic object / Obiekt kosmiczny (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): Ecosmic object — a movable object launched into cosmic space by means of a launch vehicle, or one whose launch into cosmic space is planned, whether in an active or inactive state, including its components, as well as the launch vehicle and its components.
Interpretation (national): obiekt kosmiczny – rzecz ruchomą, która została wyniesiona w przestrzeń kosmiczną za pomocą pojazdu wynoszącego lub której wyniesienie w przestrzeń kosmiczną jest planowane, będącą w stanie aktywnym lub nieaktywnym, i jej części, a także pojazd wynoszący i jego części.
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-4) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-4)

Cosmic vehicle / Космічний апарат (Ukraine)↓
Interpretation (English): cosmic vehicle – a technical flight vehicle designed to operate in cosmic space and travel into and through cosmic space for its exploration and utilization.
Interpretation (national): космічний апарат – літальний технічний засіб для польотів у космос і в космосі з метою його дослідження та використання.
State: Ukraine
Source (English / national): Law of Ukraine “On Cosmic Activities” (Art. 1) / Закон України «Про космічну діяльність» (Стаття 1)
2Pre-Space artificial object

Pre-cosmic artificial object↓

Interpretation: Pre-cosmic artificial object is a Cosmic artificial object prior to leaving Terra area.
Source:CLP
3






Rocket

Rocket↓

Interpretation: Rocket (comprising one or more stages) is an artificial object that can apply acceleration using thrust by expelling part of its mass with high velocity and capable of flying in all layers of Spatium due to the conservation of momentum and without using the aerodynamic lift force.
Source:CLP


Rocket↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution №1472
(XIV) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1802
(XVII) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space».


Rocket (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Rocket means an aircraft propelled by ejected expanding gases generated in the engine from self-contained propellants and not dependent on the intake of outside substances. It includes any part which becomes separated during the operation.
State: USA
Source (English):The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘Definitions and general requirements’, PART 1 ‘Definitions and abbreviations’, § 1.1 ‘General definitions’)

Space rocket↓
Interpretation: none
Source:General Assembly Resolution №1472 (XIV) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»


Suborbital rocket (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Suborbital rocket means a vehicle, rocket-propelled in whole or in part, intended for flight on a suborbital trajectory, and the thrust of which is greater than its lift for the majority of the rocket-powered portion of its ascent.
State: USA
Source (English):The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Sounding rocket↓
Interpretation: none
Source:General Assembly Resolution №1802
(XVII) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»



Unguided suborbital launch vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Unguided suborbital launch vehicle means a suborbital rocket that does not contain active guidance or a directional control system.
State: USA
Source (English):The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Amateur rocket (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Amateur rocket means an unmanned rocket that: (1) Is propelled by a motor or motors having a combined total impulse of 889,600 Newton-seconds (200,000 pound-seconds) or less; and (2) Cannot reach an altitude greater than 150 kilometers (93.2 statute miles) above the earth’s surface.
State: USA
Source (English):The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘Definitions and general requirements’, PART 1 ‘Definitions and abbreviations’, § 1.1 ‘General definitions’)
4






Launch vehicle

Cosmic launcher↓

Interpretation: Cosmic launcher is a Rocket (comprising one or more stages) or other artificial object (including its components) whose primary purpose is to place a Cosmic artificial object in Spatium region or into suborbital trajectories beyond the limits of the aerodynamic lift force.
Source:CLP


Launch vehicle / Pojazd wynoszący (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English):launch vehicle — a rocket vehicle capable of reaching the cosmic space, whether carrying another cosmic object or not.
Interpretation (national): pojazd wynoszący – pojazd rakietowy zdolny do osiągnięcia przestrzeni kosmicznej, wraz z wynoszonym przez niego innym obiektem kosmicznym lub bez takiego obiektu
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-9) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-9)

Launch vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Launch vehicle means a vehicle built to operate in, or place a payload in, outer space or a suborbital rocket.
State: USA
Source (English):The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Launch vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “launch vehicle” means any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in, or placing a payload in, outer space.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE VII ‘Access to space’, CHAPTER 701 ’Use of space launch system or alternatives’, §  70103 ‘Commercial payloads on space launch system’ (a) (1))

Expendable launch vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Expendable launch vehicle means a launch vehicle whose propulsive stages are flown only once.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Reusable launch vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Reusable launch vehicle (RLV) means a launch vehicle that is designed to return to Earth substantially intact and therefore may be launched more than one time or that contains vehicle stages that may be recovered by a launch operator for future use in the operation of a substantially similar launch vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Space support vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “space support vehicle” means a vehicle that is — (A) a launch vehicle; (B) a reentry vehicle; or (C) a component of a launch or reentry vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902 (22))

Space support vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Space support vehicle means an aircraft that is a launch vehicle, reentry vehicle, or a component of a launch or reentry vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘Definitions and general requirements’, PART 1 ‘Definitions and abbreviations’, § 1.1 ‘General definitions’)

Launch vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “launch vehicle” means any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in or placing a payload in outer space or in suborbital trajectories, and includes components of that vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 505 ‘Commercial space competitiveness’, § 50501 (8))

Launch vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “launch vehicle” means — (A) a vehicle built to operate in, or place a payload or human beings in, outer space; and (B) a suborbital rocket.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902 (11))

Launch vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “launch vehicle” means any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in, or placing a payload in, outer space and any suborbital rocket.
State: USA
Source (English): The commercial space launch act (PUBLIC LAW 98-575—OCT. 30, 1984), SEC. 4 ‘Definitions’ (6).
5
Space transport

Cosmic transport↓

Interpretation: Cosmic transport is a Rocket or other artificial object that capable of flying in all layers of Spatium without using the aerodynamic lift force and is designed to transport people and/or cargo beyond the limits of the aerodynamic lift force.
Source:CLP


Space vehicle↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution №1802
(XVII) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– The Declaration of Legal Principles,
– 1967 OST,
– 1968 ARRA.




Space transportation vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “space transportation vehicle” means any vehicle constructed for the purpose of operating in, or transporting a payload to, from, or within, outer space, or in suborbital trajectory, and includes any component of such vehicle not specifically designed or adapted for a payload.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 501 ‘Space commerce’, § 50101 ‘Definitions’ (5))

Spacecraft↓
Interpretation: none
Source:1968 ARRA, 1979 MOON.


In-space transportation vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “in-space transportation vehicle” means a vehicle designed — (A)to be based and operated in space; (B)to transport various payloads or objects from one orbit to another orbit; and (C)to be reusable and refueled in space.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 503 ‘Commercial reusable in-space transportation’, § 50301 ‘Definitions’ (4))

Space vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “space vehicle” means an object intended for launch, launched, or assembled in outer space, including the space shuttle and other components of a space transportation system, together with related equipment, devices, components, and parts.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE II ‘General program and policy provisions’, CHAPTER 201 ‘National aeronautics and space program’ (The National Aeronautics and Space Act), SUBCHAPTER III ‘General administrative provisions’ §  20138 ‘Insurance and indemnification’ (a) (1))

Administration human space flight vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Administration human space flight vehicle. — The term “Administration human space flight vehicle” means a space vehicle, as defined in section 20138(a) of this title, that — (A)is intended to transport one or more persons; (B)is designed to operate in outer space; and (C)is either—(i)owned by the Administration; or (ii)owned by an Administration contractor or cooperating party and operated as part of an Administration mission or a joint mission with the Administration.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE II ‘General program and policy provisions’, CHAPTER 201 ‘National aeronautics and space program’ (The National Aeronautics and Space Act), SUBCHAPTER III ‘General administrative provisions’ §  20147 ‘Recovery and disposition authority’ (a) (1))

NASA Human space flight vehicle (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): NASA Human space flight vehicle.—The term ‘NASA human space flight vehicle’ means a space vehicle, as defined in section 308(f)(1), that ‘‘(A) is intended to transport 1 or more persons; ‘‘(B) is designed to operate in outer space; and ‘‘(C) is either owned by NASA, or owned by a NASA contractor or cooperating party and operated as part of a NASA mission or a joint mission with NASA.
State: USA
Source (English): The national aeronautics and space act of 1958 (PUBLIC LAW 85-568—JULY 28, 1958), TITLE III ‘Miscellaneous’ SEC. 317 ‘Recovery and disposition authority’, (b) ‘Definitions’
6
Space artificial satellite

Cosmic artificial satellitet↓

Interpretation: Cosmic artificial satellite is an artificial object that capable of flying in Spatium only beyond the limits of the aerodynamic lift force.
Source:CLP


Satellite↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution №1472
(XIV) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1721 (XVI) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1963 (XVIII) «International Co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– Convention of the International Maritime Satellite Organization



Geosynchronous Satellite (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Geosynchronous Satellite: An Earth satellite whose period of revolution is equal to the period of rotation of the Earth about its axis.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations

Artificial earth satellite↓
Interpretation: none
Source:General Assembly Resolution №1472
(XIV) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»



Geostationary Satellite (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Geostationary Satellite: A geosynchronous satellite whose circular and direct orbit lies in the plane of the Earth’s equator and which thus remains fixed relative to the Earth; by extension, a geosynchronous satellite which remains approximately fixed relative to the Earth.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations
7Suborbital vehicle

Suborbita artificial object ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source:CLP


Suborbital rocket (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “suborbital rocket” means a vehicle, rocket-propelled in whole or in part, intended for flight on a suborbital trajectory, and the thrust of which is greater than its lift for the majority of the rocket-powered portion of its ascent.
State: USA
Source (English):
Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902 (22))

Suborbital vehicle / Pojazd suborbitalny (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): suborbital vehicle — a launch vehicle incapable of reaching Earth orbit.
Interpretation (national): pojazd suborbitalny – pojazd wynoszący, który jest niezdolny do wejścia na orbitę okołoziemską.
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-8) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-8)
8Space Station

Cosmic station ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source:CLP


Station↓
Interpretation: none
Source: art. IV and XII of the 1967 OST



Space Station (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Space Station: A station located on an object which is beyond, is intended to go beyond, or has been beyond, the major portion of the Earth’s atmosphere.
State: USA
Source (English): – Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations
9Space Installation

Installation↓
Interpretation: none
Source: art. IV and XII of the 1967 OST
10Space Equipment

Equipment↓
Interpretation: none
Source: art. IV and XII of the 1967 OST
11Space object launching facility

Cosmic port ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source:CLP


Facility↓
Interpretation: none
Source: par. 8 of the Declaration of Legal Principles, art. IV and VII of the 1967 OST, art. I and V of the 1972 LIAB

Ground-based Space infrastructure ↓

Interpretation: Ground-based space infrastructure consists of terrestrial facilities that directly support space
activities, including military space activities.
Source:THE McGILL MANUAL (Rule 107)


Space Launch System (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):The term “Space Launch System” means the follow-on government-owned civil launch system developed, managed, and operated by NASA to serve as a key component to expand human presence beyond low-Earth orbit.
State: USA
Source (English): The national aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2010 – PUBLIC LAW 111–267—OCT. 11, 2010 (U.S. CODE, TITLE 42, ‘The public health and welfare’, CHAPTER 159 ‘Space exploration, technology, and science’, SEC. 3 ‘Definitions’, § 18302 (10))

Space transportation infrastructure (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):The term “space transportation infrastructure” means facilities, associated equipment, and real property (including launch sites, launch support facilities, space recovery sites, and space recovery support facilities) required to perform launch or space recovery activities.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 505 ‘Commercial space competitiveness’, § 50501 (12))

Launch support facilities (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):The term “launch support facilities” means facilities located at launch sites or launch ranges that are required to support launch activities, including launch vehicle assembly, launch vehicle operations and control, communications, flight safety functions, and payload operations, control, and processing.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 505 ‘Commercial space competitiveness’, § 50501 (7))

Spaceport (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):In this section the term “spaceport” means a launch or reentry site that is operated by an entity licensed by the Secretary of Transportation.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 515 ‘Office of spaceports’, §  51501 ‘Establishment of office of spaceports’ (e))

Space recovery support facilities (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):The term “space recovery support facilities” means facilities required to support activities related to the recovery of payloads returned from space to a space recovery site, including operations and control, communications, flight safety functions, and payload processing.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 505 ‘Commercial space competitiveness’, § 50501 (11))

Launch site (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):“launch site” means the location on Earth from which a launch takes place (as defined in a license the Secretary issues or transfers under this chapter) and necessary facilities at that location.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902 (10))

Launch site (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Launch site means the location on Earth from which a launch takes place (as defined in a license the Secretary issues or transfers under this chapter) and necessary facilities at that location.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Launch or reentry system (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Launch or reentry system means the integrated set of subsystems, personnel, products, and processes that, when combined, carries out a launch or reentry.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Launch site (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):”launch site” means the location on Earth from which a launch takes place, as defined in any license issued or transferred by the Secretary under this Act, and includes all facilities located on a launch site which are necessary to conduct a launch
State: USA
Source (English): The commercial space launch act (PUBLIC LAW 98-575—OCT. 30, 1984), SEC. 4 ‘Definitions’ (5).
12Space artificial debris

Cosmic debris / Śmieci kosmiczne (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English):cosmic debris — cosmic objects, including their components or fragments, that are no longer capable of performing the functions for which they were intended.
Interpretation (national): śmieci kosmiczne – obiekty kosmiczne, w tym ich części lub fragmenty, które utraciły zdolność do wykonywania przewidzianych dla nich funkcji.
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-11) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-11)
13
1Artificial phenomena

Phaenomenon non naturalis ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source:CLP
2Satellite communication

Satellite Link (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Satellite Link: A radio link between a transmitting earth station and a receiving earth station through one satellite. A satellite link comprises one up-link and one down-link.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– ITU Radio Regulations

Radio communication (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Radio communication: Telecommunication by means of radio waves.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’;
– Annex to the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU),
– Annex to the Convention of the ITU
3Radio frequency
4Harmful interference caused by stations using radio frequencies
5
1
Astronaut

Cosmonaut ↓

Interpretation: Cosmonaut is a person and envoy of mankind in the Cosmos who is or plans to be in Spatium region beyond the limits of the aerodynamic lift force.
Source:CLP


Astronaut↓
Interpretation:States shall regard astronauts as envoys of mankind in outer space.
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution №1802
(XVII) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– the Declaration of Legal Principles,
– art. V of the 1967 OST,
– 1968 ARRA




Government astronaut (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):“government astronaut” means an individual who — (A) is designated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under section 20113(n); (B) is carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle in the course of his or her employment, which may include performance of activities directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of the launch vehicle or reentry vehicle; and (C) is either — (i) an employee of the United States Government, including the uniformed services, engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; or (ii) an international partner astronaut.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902 (4))

Government astronaut (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Government astronaut means an individual who—(1) Is designated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Title 51, United States Code, Section 20113(n); (2) Is carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle in the course of their employment, which may include performance of activities directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of the launch vehicle or reentry vehicle; and (3) Is either—(i) An employee of the United States Government, including the uniformed services, engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; or (ii) An international partner astronaut.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

International partner astronaut (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):International partner astronaut means an individual designated under Article 11 of the International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, by a partner to that agreement other than the United States, as qualified to serve as an International Space Station crew member.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

International partner astronaut (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):(5) “international partner astronaut” means an individual designated under Article 11 of the International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, by a partner to that agreement other than the United States, as qualified to serve as an International Space Station crew member.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902)
2
Personnel of a spacecraft

Caterva cosmonauta↓

Interpretation: none
Source:CLP


Personnel↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– par. VII of the Declaration of Legal Principles,
– art. IV, VIII of the 1967 OST,
– 1968 ARRA,
– 1975 REG.
– 1979 MOON



Crewmember (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):(2) The term “crewmember” means an astronaut or other person assigned to an Administration human space flight vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE II ‘General program and policy provisions’, CHAPTER 201 ‘National aeronautics and space program’ (The National Aeronautics and Space Act), SUBCHAPTER III ‘General administrative provisions’ §  20147 ‘Recovery and disposition authority’ (a))

Personnel of a spacecraft ↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– 1968 ARRA,
– 1979 MOON




Crew (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Crew means any employee or independent contractor of a licensee, transferee, or permittee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee, transferee, or permittee, who performs activities in the course of that employment or contract directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings. A crew consists of flight crew and any remote operator.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Flight crew (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):Flight crew means crew that is on board a vehicle during a launch or reentry.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Crewmember (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term ‘crewmember’ means an astronaut or other person assigned to a NASA human space flight vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English): The national aeronautics and space act of 1958 (PUBLIC LAW 85-568—JULY 28, 1958), TITLE III ‘Miscellaneous’ SEC. 317 ‘Recovery and disposition authority’, (b) ‘Definitions’

Pilot (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Pilot means a flight crew member who has the ability to control, in real time, a launch or reentry vehicle’s flight path.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Remote operator (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Remote operator means a crew member who—(1) Has the ability to control, in real time, a launch or reentry vehicle’s flight path; and (2) Is not on board the controlled vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Crew (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “crew” means any employee of a licensee or transferee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee or transferee, who performs activities in the course of that employment directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902 (2))

Crew Surgeon (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “Crew Surgeon” means a Flight Surgeon assigned by the MMOP to any given expedition. He or she is the lead medical officer and carries primary responsibility for the health and well-being of the entire ISS crew.
State: USA
Source (English): Code of conduct for the international space station crew (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER V ‘National aeronautics and space administration’, PART 1214 ‘Space flight’, SUBPART 1214.4 ‘International space station crew’, § 1214.403 (2))

ISS crewmembers (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “ISS crewmembers” means any person approved for flight to the ISS, including both ISS expedition crew and visiting crew, beginning upon assignment to the crew for a specific and ending upon completion of the postflight activities related to the mission.
State: USA
Source (English): Code of conduct for the international space station crew (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER V ‘National aeronautics and space administration’, PART 1214 ‘Space flight’, SUBPART 1214.4 ‘International space station crew’, § 1214.403 (7))
3Outer Space tourist

Cosmic tourist↓

Interpretation: none
Source:CLP


Space flight participant (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “space flight participant” means an individual, who is not crew or a government astronaut, carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English):Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902 (20))

Space flight participant (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Space flight participant means an individual, who is not crew or a government astronaut, carried on board a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)
1Outer space activities

Cosmic activities↓

Interpretation: Cosmic activities are activities aimed at interaction (including exploration, exploitation, and use) with the Cosmos beyond the limits of aerodynamic lift force Terra.
Source:CLP


Outer space activities↓
Interpretation:none
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution №1721 (XVI) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– the Declaration of Legal Principles


Space operation / Opération spatiale (France)↓
Interpretation (English): “Space operation” means any activity consisting of launching, or attempting to launch, an object into outer space, or exercising control over a space object or a group of coordinated space objects during their presence in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies, and, where applicable, during their return to Earth.
Interpretation (national): “ Opération spatiale ” : toute activité consistant à lancer ou tenter de lancer un objet dans l’espace extra-atmosphérique ou à assurer la maîtrise d’un objet spatial ou d’un groupe d’objets spatiaux coordonnés pendant leur séjour dans l’espace extra-atmosphérique, y compris la Lune et les autres corps célestes, ainsi que, le cas échéant, lors du retour sur Terre.
State: France
Source (English / national): Act No. 2008-518 of 3 June 2008 on Space Operations (Art. 1-3) / LOI n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales (Art. 1-3)

Space activities↓

Interpretation: : Space activities are activities in the exploration and use of outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies. Space activities may have or be intended to have direct effects:
a. in outer space, including the Moon and other celestial bodies;
b. on the operation of space infrastructure; and/or
c. from outer space to another domain.
Source:THE McGILL MANUAL (Rule 101)


The Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies↓
Interpretation:none
Source:1967 OST


Cosmic activity / Działalność kosmiczna (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): Cosmic activity shall consist of: 1) the launch or attempted launch of a cosmic object into cosmic space; 2) the operation of a cosmic object in cosmic space; 3) the control of a cosmic object in cosmic space; 4) the removal of a cosmic object, including through its deorbiting.
The operation and control of a space object carried out as part of the amateur radio service within the meaning of Article 2(60) of the Act of 12 July 2024 — Electronic Communications Law (Journal of Laws of 2024, item 1221, as amended), shall not be considered cosmic activities within the meaning of this Act.
Interpretation (national): Działalność kosmiczna polega na: 1) wyniesieniu lub próbie wyniesienia obiektu kosmicznego w przestrzeń kosmiczną; 2) eksploatacji obiektu kosmicznego w przestrzeni kosmicznej; 3) kontrolowaniu obiektu kosmicznego w przestrzeni kosmicznej; 4) usuwaniu obiektu kosmicznego, w tym przez jego deorbitację.
Za działalność kosmiczną w rozumieniu ustawy nie uznaje się eksploatacji oraz kontrolowania obiektu kosmicznego w ramach służby radiokomunikacyjnej amatorskiej w rozumieniu art. 2 pkt 60 ustawy z dnia 12 lipca 2024 r. – Prawo komuni-kacji elektronicznej (Dz. U. poz. 1221, z 2025 r. poz. 637 i 820 oraz z 2026 r. poz. 252).
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 8) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 8)

The activities in outer space ↓
Interpretation:none
Source: the Declaration of Legal Principles, 1967 OST


Cosmic activities / Космічна діяльність (Ukraine)↓
Interpretation (English): cosmic activities — scientific cosmic research; the use of cosmic space; the development, production, repair, maintenance, testing, operation, and control of cosmic activities objects (including their assemblies and components); the provision of launch services, the launch and return of cosmic vehicles and their components from cosmic space to Earth.
Interpretation (national): космічна діяльність – наукові космічні дослідження, використання космічного простору, розроблення, виробництво, ремонт та технічне обслуговування, випробування, експлуатація, управління об’єктами космічної діяльності (у тому числі їх агрегатами та складовими частинами), забезпечення запуску, запуск та повернення космічних апаратів, їх складових частин з космічного простору на землю.
State: Ukraine
Source (English / national): Law of Ukraine “On Cosmic Activities” (Art. 1) / Закон України «Про космічну діяльність» (Стаття 1)

The activities in outer space and on celestial bodies↓
Interpretation:none
Source: the Declaration of Legal Principles, 1967 OST


Aeronautical and space activities (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): the term “aeronautical and space activities” means(A) research into, and the solution of, problems of flight within and outside the earth’s atmosphere, (B) the development, construction, testing, and operation for research purposes of aeronautical and space vehicles, and (C) such other activities as may be required for the exploration of space.
State: USA
Source (English): The national aeronautics and space act of 1958 (PUBLIC LAW 85-568—JULY 28, 1958), TITLE I ‘Short title, declaration of policy, and definitions’, SEC. 103 ‘Definitions’

Aeronautical and space activities (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “aeronautical and space activities” means — (A) research into, and the solution of, problems of flight within and outside the Earth’s atmosphere; (B) the development, construction, testing, and operation for research purposes of aeronautical and space vehicles; (C) the operation of a space transportation system including the space shuttle, upper stages, space platforms, and related equipment; and (D) such other activities as may be required for the exploration of space.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE II ‘General program and policy provisions’, CHAPTER 201 ‘National aeronautics and space program’ (The National Aeronautics and Space Act), SUBCHAPTER I ‘Short title, declaration of policy, and definitions’, § 20103 ‘Definition’)
2






Subject (actor) of outer space activities

Cosmic actor↓

Interpretation: Cosmic actor is an entity (a state, an organization, a private company, or an individual) that directly and purposefully participates in Cosmic activities.
Source:THE McGILL MANUAL (Rule 101)


Launching State↓
Interpretation: The term “launching State” means: (i) A State which launches or procures the launching of a space object; (ii) A State from whose territory or facility a space object is launched
Source:
– art. 1 of the 1972 LIAB,
– art. I of the 1975 REG



User (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “user” includes anyone who enters into an agreement with the Administration for use of all or a portion of a space vehicle, who owns or provides property to be flown on a space vehicle, or who employs a person to be flown on a space vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE II ‘General program and policy provisions’, CHAPTER 201 ‘National aeronautics and space program’ (The National Aeronautics and Space Act), SUBCHAPTER III ‘General administrative provisions’ §  20138 ‘Insurance and indemnification’ (a) (3))

Participant in a joint launching↓
Interpretation: A State from whose territory or facility a space object is launched shall be regarded as a participant in a joint launching.
Source:art. V of the 1972 LIAB



Launch operator (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Launch operator means a person who conducts or who will conduct the launch of a launch vehicle and any payload.
Operator means a holder of a license or permit under 51 U.S.C. Subtitle V, chapter 509.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

State of registry↓
Interpretation: The term “State of registry” means a launching State on whose registry a space object is carried in accordance with article II of the 1975 REG
Source:art. I of the 1975 REG



Launching State /Państwo wynoszące (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): launching State — a launching State within the meaning of the 1972 LIAB and the 1975 REG.
Interpretation (national): państwo wynoszące – państwo wypuszczające w rozumieniu Konwencji o międzynarodowej odpowiedzialności za szkody wyrządzone przez obiekty kosmiczne, sporządzonej w Moskwie, Londynie i Waszyngtonie dnia 29 marca 1972 r. (Dz. U. z 1973 r. poz. 154) oraz Konwencji o rejestracji obiektów wypuszczonych w przestrzeń kosmiczną, otwartej do podpisania w Nowym Jorku dnia 14 stycznia 1975 r. (Dz. U. z 1979 r. poz. 22).
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-7) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-7)

Operator / Operator (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): operator — an entity referred to in subparagraphs 1 and 2 of Part 1 of Article 10, namely a legal person or an organizational unit without legal personality to which legal capacity is granted by a separate act of law, which has obtained an authorization, as well as an organizational unit subordinate to or supervised by the Minister of National Defense that carries out cosmic activities.
Cosmic activities may be carried out: 1) a legal entity; 2) an organizational unit that is not a legal entity, to which legal capacity is granted by a separate Act; 3) an organizational unit subordinate to or supervised by the Minister of National Defence.
The entities referred to in paragraph 1(1) and (2) may carry out cosmic activities after obtaining authorization.
Interpretation (national): operator – podmiot, o którym mowa w art. 10 ust. 1 pkt 1 i 2 (osobę prawną; jednostkę organizacyjną niebędącą osobą prawną, której odrębna ustawa przyznaje zdolność prawną), który uzyskał zezwolenie, oraz jednostka organizacyjna podległa Ministrowi Obrony Narodowej lub przez niego nadzorowana wykonująca działalność kosmiczną.
Działalność kosmiczna może być wykonywana przez: 1) osobę prawną; 2) jednostkę organizacyjną niebędącą osobą prawną, której odrębna ustawa przyznaje zdolność prawną; 3) jednostkę organizacyjną podległą Ministrowi Obrony Narodowej lub przez niego nadzorowaną.
Podmioty, o których mowa w ust. 1 pkt 1 i 2, mogą wykonywać działalność kosmiczną po uzyskaniu zezwolenia.
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-5, 10) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-5, 10)

Space operator / Opérateur spatial (France)↓
Interpretation (English): “Space operator” (hereinafter referred to as the “operator”) means any natural or legal person that conducts a space operation independently and under its own responsibility.
Interpretation (national): “ Opérateur spatial ”, ci-après dénommé “ opérateur ” : toute personne physique ou morale qui conduit, sous sa responsabilité et de façon indépendante, une opération spatiale.
State: France
Source (English / national): Act No. 2008-518 of 3 June 2008 on Space Operations (Art. 1-2) / LOI n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales (Art. 1-2)

Subject of cosmic activities (cosmic technology) / Суб’єкт космічної діяльності (космічна техніка) (Ukraine)↓
Interpretation (English): Subjects of cosmic activities — legal entities of any form of ownership and organizational and legal form, including international and foreign legal entities, that carry out cosmic activities.
Interpretation (national): суб’єкти космічної діяльності – підприємства, установи та організації будь-якої форми власності та організаційно-правової форми, в тому числі міжнародні та іноземні, які здійснюють космічну діяльність.
State: Ukraine
Source (English / national):Law of Ukraine “On Cosmic Activities” (Art. 1) / Закон України «Про космічну діяльність» (Стаття 1)
3Object of space activities

Object of Cosmic activities ↓

Interpretation: Object of Cosmic activities is an object towards which Cosmic activities are directed.
Source: CLP


Object of cosmic activities (cosmic technology) / Об’єкт космічної діяльності (космічна техніка) (Ukraine)↓
Interpretation (English): objects of cosmic activities (cosmic technology) – artificial tangible objects designed, manufactured, and operated both in cosmic space (the cosmic segment and cosmic infrastructure) and on the Earth’s surface (the ground segment and ground infrastructure) for the exploration and utilization of the cosmic space;
unique cosmic activity objects — complex scientific and technical complexes and systems, testing and specialized equipment with unique characteristics, used for the implementation of the National Target Scientific and Technical Cosmic Program of Ukraine and which by virtue of their operational characteristics, have no global counterparts or match the world`s most advanced technologies of a similar kind (cosmic vehicle control and monitoring systems, facilities for receiving and processing operational and scientific data; experimental and scientific-technological facilities for the manufacture and testing of cosmic technolodgy, including the simulation of cosmic environment factors; ground-based facilities for monitoring artificial and non-terrestrial cosmic objects; the ground segment of Earth observation systems and technological and natural disaster early warning systems; ground-based cosmic electronic communication facilities).
Interpretation (national): об’єкти космічної діяльності (космічна техніка) – матеріальні предмети штучного походження, що проектуються, виготовляються та експлуатуються як у космічному просторі (космічний сегмент, космічна інфраструктура), так і на поверхні Землі (наземний сегмент, наземна інфраструктура) з метою дослідження та використання космічного простору;
унікальні об’єкти космічної діяльності – складні науково-технічні комплекси та системи, випробувальна та спеціальна апаратура, з унікальними параметрами, що використовуються для реалізації Загальнодержавної цільової науково-технічної космічної програми України, які за своїми експлуатаційними характеристиками не мають аналогів у світі або відповідають світовому рівню аналогічної техніки (засоби керування та контролю за космічними апаратами, засоби приймання та оброблення службової та наукової інформації; експериментальна та науково-технологічна база для виготовлення та випробувань космічної техніки з моделюванням факторів космічного простору; наземні засоби контролю за космічними об’єктами штучного та неземного походження; наземний сегмент засобів моніторингу земної поверхні, систем попередження техногенних та природних катастроф; наземні засоби космічних електронних комунікацій).
State: Ukraine
Source (English / national): Law of Ukraine “On Cosmic Activities” (Art. 1) / Закон України «Про космічну діяльність» (Стаття 1)
4Use of outer space and celestial bodies

Use of outer space ↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution № 1348 (XIII) «Question of the peaceful use of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1472
(XIV) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1721 (XVI) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1802
(XVII) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1963 (XVIII) «International Co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– the Declaration of Legal Principles,
– 1967 OST, 1968 ARRA, 1972 LIAB, 1975 REG, 1979 MOON

Use of Moon ↓
Interpretation: none
Source:1979 MOON
5Exploration of outer space and celestial bodies

Exploration of outer space↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution № 1348 (XIII) «Question of the peaceful use of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1472
(XIV) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1721 (XVI) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1802
(XVII) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1963 (XVIII) «International Co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»,
– the Declaration of Legal Principles,
– 1967 OST
– 1968 ARRA,
– 1972 LIAB,
– 1975 REG.
– Declaration on International Cooperation in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space for the Benefit and in the Interests of All States, Taking into Particular Account the Needs of Developing Countries

Use of Moon ↓
Interpretation: none
Source:1979 MOON
6Exploitation of outer space and celestial bodies

Exploitation of outer space↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution № 1348 (XIII) «Question of the peaceful use of outer space»
7Study of outer space and celestial bodies

Study of outer space↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution № 1348 (XIII) «Question of the peaceful use of outer space»,
– General Assembly Resolution №1472
(XIV) «International co-operation in the peaceful uses of outer space»
8Utilization of outer space and celestial bodies

Utilization of outer space↓
Interpretation: none
Source:
– General Assembly Resolution № 1348 (XIII) «Question of the peaceful use of outer space»
9
1Space flight of a space artificial object

Missio ↓

Interpretation: none.
Source: CLP


Mission (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): A mission is the period including the flight-phases from launch to landing on the surface of the Earth—a single round trip. (In the case of a forced landing, the NASA Commander’s authority continues until a competent authority takes over the responsibility for the persons and property aboard).
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER V ‘National aeronautics and space administration’, PART 1214 ‘SPACE FLIGHT’, SUBPART 1214.7 ‘The authority of the NASA commander’, § 1214.701 ‘Definitions’ (b).

Fight-phases (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The flight-phases consist of launch, in orbit/transit, extraterrestrial mission, deorbit, entry, and landing, and post-landing back on Earth.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER V ‘National aeronautics and space administration’, PART 1214 ‘SPACE FLIGHT’, SUBPART 1214.7 ‘The authority of the NASA commander’, § 1214.701 ‘Definitions’ (c).
2
Launching of a space artificial object

Alpha Missio ↓

Interpretation: Alpha Missio is the implementation of a set of actions that led or should have led to the separation of a Cosmic artificial object from its stable position and its subsequent movement.
Source: CLP


Launching↓
Interpretation: The term “launching” includes attempted launching.
Source: art. 1 of the 1972 LIAB

Launch (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “launch” means to place, or attempt to place, a launch vehicle and its payload, if any, in a suborbital trajectory, in Earth orbit in outer space, or otherwise in outer space.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 505 ‘Commercial space competitiveness’, § 50501 (5))

Sending of objects through Outer Space↓
Interpretation: none.
Source: General Assembly Resolution №1148 (XII) «Regulation, limitation and balanced reduction of all armed forces and all armaments; conclusion of an international convention (treaty) on the reduction of armaments and the prohibition of atomic, hydrogen and other weapons of mass destruction».

Launch (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Launch means to place or try to place a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle and any payload or human being from Earth in a suborbital trajectory, in Earth orbit in outer space, or otherwise in outer space, including activities involved in the preparation of a launch vehicle or payload for launch, when those activities take place at a launch site in the United States.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Space Launch Operations (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Space Launch Operations: Any activity that places a launch vehicle, whether an expendable launch vehicle or a reusable launch vehicle or reentry vehicle used for launch, and any payload or human being from Earth in a suborbital trajectory, in Earth orbit, or otherwise in outer space, including pre-launch testing and recovery or reentry of the launch vehicle.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Title 47 ‘Telecommunication’, CHAPTER I ‘Federal Communications Commission’. SUBCHAPTER A ‘GENERAL’, PART 2 ‘Frequency allocations and radio treaty matters; General rules and regulations’, Subpart A ‘Terminology’, § 2.1 ‘Terms and definitions’

Launch (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “launch” means to place or try to place a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle and any payload or human being from Earth — (A) in a suborbital trajectory; (B) in Earth orbit in outer space; or (C) otherwise in outer space, including activities involved in the preparation of a launch vehicle or payload for launch, when those activities take place at a launch site in the United States.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902 (7))

Launch (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “launch” means to place, or attempt to place, a launch vehicle and payload, if any, in a suborbital trajectory, in Earth orbit in outer space, or otherwise in outer space.
State: USA
Source (English): The commercial space launch act (PUBLIC LAW 98-575—OCT. 30, 1984), SEC. 4 ‘Definitions’ (2)

Liftoff (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Liftoff means any motion of the launch vehicle with intention to initiate flight.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Launching of a cosmic object into the cosmos / Wyniesienie obiektu kosmicznego w przestrzeń kosmiczną (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): launching of a cosmic object into cosmic space — the deployment of a cosmic object within the meaning of the 1972 LIAB and the 1975 REG.
Interpretation (national): wyniesienie obiektu kosmicznego w przestrzeń kosmiczną ‒ wypuszczenie obiektu kosmicznego w rozumieniu Konwencji o międzynarodowej odpowiedzialności za szkody wyrządzone przez obiekty kosmiczne, sporządzonej w Moskwie, Londynie i Waszyngtonie dnia 29 marca 1972 r. oraz Konwencji o rejestracji obiektów wypuszczonych w przestrzeń kosmiczną, otwartej do podpisania w Nowym Jorku dnia 14 stycznia 1975 r
State: Poland
Source (English / national): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-13) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-13)

Launch phase / Phase de lancement (France)↓
Interpretation (English): “Launch phase” means the period of time which, in the course of a space operation, begins at the moment when the launch operations become irreversible and, subject, where applicable, to the provisions contained in the authorization granted pursuant to this Act, ends upon the separation of the launch vehicle from the object intended to be placed in outer space. Where applicable, the launch phase includes the recovery of the reusable elements of the launch vehicle.
Interpretation (national): “ Phase de lancement ” : la période de temps qui, dans le cadre d’une opération spatiale, débute à l’instant où les opérations de lancement deviennent irréversibles et qui, sous réserve des dispositions contenues, le cas échéant, dans l’autorisation délivrée en application de la présente loi, s’achève à la séparation du lanceur et de l’objet destiné à être placé dans l’espace extra-atmosphérique. La phase de lancement comprend, le cas échéant, la récupération des éléments réutilisables du lanceur
State: France
Source (English / national): Act No. 2008-518 of 3 June 2008 on Space Operations (Art. 1-4) / LOI n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales (Art. 1-4)
3
Planned launch of a space artificial object

Alpha Missio futura↓

Interpretation: Alpha Missio perfecta is the implementation of a set of actions that led to the separation of the Cosmic artificial object from the point of stable stay and its further movement.
Source: CLP
4
Completed launch of a space artificial object

Alpha Missio perfecta ↓

Interpretation: Alpha Missio perfecta is the implementation of a set of actions that led to the separation of a Cosmic artificial object from its stable position and its subsequent movement.
Source: CLP
5Deorbitation of a space artificial object

Deorbit (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Deorbit means the flight of a vehicle that begins with the final command to commit to a perigee below 70 nautical miles (approximately 130 kilometers), and ends when all vehicle components come to rest on the Earth.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Deorbitation of a cosmic object / deorbitacja obiektu kosmicznego (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): deorbitation of a cosmic object — the entry into the Earth`s atmosphere of a cosmic object for which the predicted time of entry into the Earth’s atmosphere has been determined, and for which the predicted time and location of the fall or landing of its components on the Earth’s surface have been determined.
Interpretation (national): deorbitacja obiektu kosmicznego ‒ wejście w atmosferę ziemską obiektu kosmicznego, dla którego określono prognozowany czas tego wejścia oraz dla którego określono prognozowany czas i miejsce upadku albo przyziemienia jego elementów na powierzchni Ziemiqq.
State: Poland
Source (English): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-1) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-1)
6Removal of a space artificial object

Disposal (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): Disposal means the return or attempt to return, purposefully, a launch vehicle stage or component, not including a reentry vehicle, from Earth orbit to Earth, in a controlled manner.
State: USA
Source (English): The National aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2008 – PUBLIC LAW 110–422—OCT. 15, 2008 (Electronic code of federal regulations (E-CFR), TITLE 14 ‘Aeronautics and space’, CHAPTER III ‘Commercial space transportation, federal aviation administration, department of transportation’, SUBCHAPTER A ‘General’, PART 401 ‘Organization and definitions’, § 401.7 ‘Definitions’)

Removal of a cosmic object / Usuwanie obiektu kosmicznego (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): removal of a cosmic object — actions performed by a cosmic object in Earth orbit, based on an algorithm or with the assistance of an operator, for the purpose of deorbiting the cosmic object or relocating it beyond the protected region of the geostationary orbit
Interpretation (national): usuwanie obiektu kosmicznego – działania wykonywane przez obiekt kosmiczny znajdujący się na orbicie okołoziemskiej na podstawie algorytmu lub z pomocą operatora, w celu deorbitacji tego obiektu kosmicznego lub jego wyprowadzenia poza obszar chroniony orbity geostacjonarnej.
State: Poland
Source (English): The Polish Space Act (Art. 2-12) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-12)
7Operation of a space artificial object

Operation of a cosmic object / eksploatacja obiektu kosmicznego (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): operation of a cosmic object — activity related to the use of a cosmic object, including its servicing, maintenance, repair, and modification, aimed at maintaining the cosmic object operational and enabling its safe use in accordance with its intended purpose.
Interpretation (national): eksploatacja obiektu kosmicznego – czynności związane z użytkowaniem obiektu kosmicznego, w tym jego obsługą, konserwacją, naprawą i modyfikacją, mające na celu utrzymanie obiektu kosmicznego w sprawności i pozwalające na jego bezpieczne wykorzystywanie zgodnie z przeznaczeniem.
State: Poland
Source (English): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-2) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-2)
8Control of a space artificial object

Control of a cosmic object / kontrolowanie obiektu kosmicznego (Poland)↓
Interpretation (English): control of a cosmic object — activities related to monitoring a cosmic object after its launch into cosmic space, in particular tracking its position and technical condition, as well as activities involving the planning and execution of the object’s maneuvers, ensuring its safety and preventing collisions involving it.
Interpretation (national): kontrolowanie obiektu kosmicznego – czynności związane z monitorowaniem obiektu kosmicznego po jego wyniesieniu w przestrzeń kosmiczną, w szczególności śledzenie jego pozycji i stanu technicznego, a także czynności polegające na planowaniu manewrów i ich wykonywaniu przez ten obiekt, zapewnieniu jego bezpieczeństwa oraz zapobieganiu kolizjom z jego udziałem.
State: Poland
Source (English): The Law on Cosmic Activities (Art. 2-3) / USTAWA o działalności kosmicznej (Art. 2-3)

Control phase / Phase de maîtrise (France)↓
Interpretation (English): “Control phase” means the period of time which, in the course of a space operation, begins upon the separation of the launch vehicle from the object intended to be placed in outer space and ends upon the occurrence of the first of the following events:
— when the final de-orbiting manoeuvres and passivation activities have been carried out;
— when the operator has lost control of the space object;
— upon the return to Earth or the complete disintegration of the space object in the atmosphere;
When it concerns a group of coordinated space objects, the control phase begins upon the separation of the launch vehicle from the first launched object of the group intended to be placed in outer space and ends when one of the events mentioned in this paragraph 5° occurs for the last operational object of that group.
Interpretation (national): “ Phase de maîtrise ” : la période de temps qui, dans le cadre d’une opération spatiale, débute à la séparation du lanceur et de l’objet destiné à être placé dans l’espace extra-atmosphérique et qui s’achève à la survenance du premier des événements suivants :
― lorsque les dernières manœuvres de désorbitation et les activités de passivation ont été effectuées ;
― lorsque l’opérateur a perdu le contrôle de l’objet spatial ;
― le retour sur Terre ou la désintégration complète dans l’atmosphère de l’objet spatial ;
Lorsqu’elle concerne un groupe d’objets spatiaux coordonnés, la phase de maîtrise débute à la séparation du lanceur et du premier objet lancé du groupe d’objets destiné à être placé dans l’espace extra-atmosphérique et s’achève à la survenance, pour le dernier objet opérationnel de ce groupe, de l’un des événements mentionnés au présent 5°.
State: France
Source (English): Act No. 2008-518 of 3 June 2008 on Space Operations (Art. 1-5) / LOI n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales (Art. 1-5)
9Unintended landing
10Outer Space traffic
11
1Space-based data

Space-based data / Données d’origine spatiale (France)↓
Interpretation (English): “Space-based data” means observation, signal interception or localization data acquired from space and originating from the Earth, a celestial body, a space object or outer space.
Interpretation (national): “ Données d’origine spatiale ” : les données d’observation, d’interception de signaux ou de localisation acquises depuis l’espace en provenance de la Terre, d’un corps céleste, d’un objet spatial ou de l’espace.
State: France
Source (English): Act No. 2008-518 of 3 June 2008 on Space Operations (Art. 1-7) / LOI n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales (Art. 1-7)

Space Science Data (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): the term “space science data” includes scientific data concerning — (1) the elemental and mineralogical resources of the moon, asteroids, planets and their moons, and comets; (2)microgravity acceleration; and (3)solar storm monitoring.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 501 ‘Space commerce’, SUBCHAPTER II ‘Promotion of commercial space opportunities’, § 50113 ‘Acquisition of space science data’)
2Remote sensing

Land remote sensing (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “land remote sensing” means the collection of data which can be processed into imagery of surface features of the Earth from an unclassified satellite or satellites, other than an operational United States Government weather satellite.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE VI ‘EARTH OBSERVATIONS’, CHAPTER 601 ‘Land remote sensing policy’, SUBCHAPTER I ‘General’, §  60101 ‘Definitions’ (4))
3Primary operator of space-based data

Primary operator of space-based data / Exploitant primaire de données d’origine spatiale (France)↓
Interpretation (English): “Primary operator of space-based data” means any natural or legal person that ensures the programming of an acquisition system or the reception of space-based data.
Interpretation (national): “ Exploitant primaire de données d’origine spatiale ” : toute personne physique ou morale qui assure la programmation d’un système d’acquisition ou la réception de données d’origine spatiale.
State: France
Source (English / national): Act No. 2008-518 of 3 June 2008 on Space Operations (Art. 1-8) / LOI n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales (Art. 1-8)
4
1Incident

Incident (USA)↓
Interpretation (English):
Interpretation (English):The term “incident” means either an accident or a deliberate act.
State: USA
Source (English):
– Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE VII ‘Access to space’, CHAPTER 707 ’ Human space flight independent investigation commission’, §  70701);
– The national aeronautics and space administration authorization act of 2005 – PUBLIC LAW 109–155—DEC. 30, 2005 (U.S. CODE. TITLE 42. CHAPTER 150 ‘National aeronautics and space programs, 2005’, SUBCHAPTER VIII ‘Task force and commission’, Part B ‘Human space flight independent investigation commission’, SEC. 821, 2 ‘Definitions’ (2))

Incident / Інцидент (Ukraine)↓
Interpretation (English): incident — an event associated with cosmic activities that has resulted in a threat to the life or health of persons, damage to or destruction of the property of individuals or legal entities, or harm to the environment.
Interpretation (national): інцидент – пов’язана з космічною діяльністю подія, що призвела до створення загрози життю та здоров’ю людей, а також до пошкодження або знищення майна громадян, підприємств, установ та організацій чи заподіяння шкоди довкіллю.
State: Ukraine
Source (English / national): Law of Ukraine “On Cosmic Activities” (Art. 1) / Закон України «Про космічну діяльність» (Стаття 1)
2Extraordinary event

Extraordinary event / Надзвичайна подія (Ukraine)↓
Interpretation (English): extraordinary event — an event related to cosmic activities that has resulted in the death of or serious bodily injury to persons, as well as the destruction of property of citizens, enterprises, institutions, and organizations, or significant damage to the environment.
Interpretation (national): надзвичайна подія – пов’язана з космічною діяльністю подія, що призвела до загибелі людей або заподіяння їм тяжких тілесних ушкоджень, а також до знищення майна громадян, підприємств, установ та організацій чи заподіяння значної шкоди довкіллю.
State: Ukraine
Source (English / national):): Law of Ukraine “On Cosmic Activities” (Art. 1) / Закон України «Про космічну діяльність» (Стаття 1)
3Damage resulting from space activities

Damage↓
Interpretation: The term “damage” means loss of life, personal injury or other impairment of health; or loss of or damage to property of States or of persons, natural or juridical, or property of international intergovernmental organisations.
Source: art. 1 of the 1972 LIAB

Damage / Dommage (France)↓
Interpretation (English): “Damage” means any injury to persons or damage to property, including, in particular, harm to public health or the environment, directly caused by a space object in the course of a space operation, excluding any consequences arising from the use of the signal transmitted by that space object by its users.
Interpretation (national): “ Dommage ” : toute atteinte aux personnes, aux biens, et notamment à la santé publique ou à l’environnement directement causée par un objet spatial dans le cadre d’une opération spatiale, à l’exclusion des conséquences de l’utilisation du signal émis par cet objet pour les utilisateurs.
State: France
Source (English / national):): Act No. 2008-518 of 3 June 2008 on Space Operations (Art. 1-1) / LOI n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales (Art. 1-1)
4Third party to a outer space activity

Third party to a space operation / Tiers à une opération spatiale (France)↓
Interpretation (English): “Third party to a space operation” means any natural or legal person other than those participating in the space operation or in the production of the space object or objects whose launch or control is the purpose of that operation. In particular, the following shall not be considered third parties: the space operator, its contractual partners, its subcontractors and its customers, as well as the contractual partners and subcontractors of its customers.
Interpretation (national): “ Tiers à une opération spatiale ” : toute personne physique ou morale autre que celles participant à l’opération spatiale ou à la production du ou des objets spatiaux dont cette opération consiste à assurer le lancement ou la maîtrise. Notamment, ne sont pas regardés comme des tiers l’opérateur spatial, ses cocontractants, ses sous-traitants et ses clients, ainsi que les cocontractants et sous-traitants de ses clients.
State: France
Source (English / national):Act No. 2008-518 of 3 June 2008 on Space Operations (Art. 1-6) / LOI n° 2008-518 du 3 juin 2008 relative aux opérations spatiales (Art. 1-6)

Third party (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): “third party” means a person except — (A) the United States Government or the Government’s contractors or subcontractors involved in launch services or reentry services; (B) a licensee or transferee under this chapter; (C) a licensee’s or transferee’s contractors, subcontractors, or customers involved in launch services or reentry services; (D) the customer’s contractors or subcontractors involved in launch services or reentry services; or (E) crew, government astronauts, or space flight participants.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE V ‘Programs targeting commercial opportunities’, CHAPTER 509 ‘Commercial space launch activities’, §  50902 (26))

Third party (USA)↓
Interpretation (English): The term “third party” means any person who may institute a claim against a user for death, bodily injury, or loss of or damage to property.
State: USA
Source (English): Public law 111–314—DEC. 18, 2010 (U.S. CODE. Title 51 ‘National and commercial space programs’, SUBTITLE II ‘General program and policy provisions’, CHAPTER 201 ‘National aeronautics and space program’ (The National Aeronautics and Space Act), SUBCHAPTER III ‘General administrative provisions’ §  20138 ‘Insurance and indemnification’ (a) (2))
5

© 2026 Cosmic Law Portal. Created for free using WordPress and Kubio

lab@cosmiclawportal.org